Grammalecte  Check-in [bd904b6202]

WRITING RULES FOR GRAMMALECTE

Note: This documentation is a draft. Information may be obsolete or incomplete.

# Principles #

Grammalecte is a bi-passes grammar checker engine. On the first pass, the
engine checks the text paragraph by paragraph. On the second pass, the engine
check the text sentence by sentence.

The command to switch to the second pass is `[++]`.

In each pass, you can write as many rules as you need.

There are two kinds of rules:

* regex rules (triggered by a regular expression)
* token rules (triggered by a succession of tokens)

A regex rule is defined by:

* [optional] flags “LCR” for the regex word boundaries and case sensitiveness

Token rules must be defined within a graph.

Each graph is defined within the second pass with the command:

        @@@@GRAPH: graph_name

A graph ends when another graph is defined or when is found the command:

        @@@@END_GRAPH

There is no limit to the number of actions and the type of actions a rule can
launch. Each action has its own condition to be triggered.

There are several kinds of actions:

* Error warning, with a message, and optionally suggestions, and optionally an URL
* Text transformation, modifying internally the checked text
* Disambiguation action, setting tags on a position
* Tagging


The rules file for your language must be named `rules.grx`.
The settings file must be named `config.ini`.

All these files are simple utf-8 text file.
UTF-8 is mandatory.


# Comments #

## Whitespaces at the border of patterns or suggestions ##

Example: Recognize double or more spaces and suggests a single space:

        __<s>__  "  +" <<- ->> " "      # Extra space(s).

Characters `"` protect spaces in the pattern and in the replacement text.


## Pattern groups and back references ##

It is usually useful to retrieve parts of the matched pattern. We simply use
parenthesis in pattern to get groups with back references.

## Pattern matching ##

Repeating pattern matching of a single rule continues after the previous matching, so
instead of general multiword patterns, like

        (\w+) (\w+) <<- some_check(\1, \2) ->> \1, \2 # foo

use

        (\w+) <<- some_check(\1, word(1)) ->> \1, # foo


## Name definitions ##

Grammalecte supports name definitions to simplify the description of the
complex rules.

internally the text before checking the text.

The text preprocessor is useful to simplify texts and write simplier checking
rules.

For example, sentences with the same grammar mistake:

        These “cats” are black.
        These cats are “black”.
        These cats are absolutely black.
        These stupid “cats” are all black.
        These unknown cats are as per usual black.

Instead of writting complex rules or several rules to find mistakes for all possible
cases, you can use the text preprocessor to simplify the text.

To remove the chars “”, write:

        [“”] ->> *

You can also remove a group reference:

        these (\w+) (\w+) <<- morph(\1, "adjective") and morph(\2, "noun") -1>> *
        (am|are|is|were|was) (all) <<- -2>> *

With these rules, you get the following sentences:

        These  cats  are black.
        These cats are  black .
        These cats are            black.
        These         cats  are     black.
        These         cats are              black.

These grammar mistakes can be detected with one simple rule:

        these +(\w+) +are +(\w+s)
            <<- morph(\1, "noun") and morph(\2, "plural")
            -2>> _              # Adjectives are invariable.

        Mister <<- ->> Mr
        (Mrs?)[.] <<- ->> \1


# Disambiguation #

When Grammalecte analyses a word with morph, before requesting the
POS tags to the dictionary, it checks if there is a stored marker for the
position where the word is. If there is a marker, Grammalecte uses the stored
data and don’t make request to the dictionary.

The disambiguation commands store POS tags at the position of a word.

There is 3 commands for disambiguation.

`select(n, pattern)`

>   stores at position n only the POS tags of the word matching the pattern.

`exclude(n, pattern)`

>   stores at position n the POS tags of the word, except those matching the
    pattern.

`define(n, [definitions])`

>   stores at position n the POS tags in definitions (a list of strings).

Examples:

        =>> select(\1, "po:noun is:pl")
        =>> exclude(\1, "po:verb")
        =>> define(\1, ["po:adv"])
        =>> exclude(\1, "po:verb") and define(\2, ["po:adv"]) and select(\3, "po:adv")

Note: select, exclude and define ALWAYS return True.

If select and exclude generate an empty list, no marker is set.

With define, you must set a list of POS tags. Example:





        define(\1, ["po:nom is:plur", "po:adj is:sing", "po:adv"])



# Conditions #

Conditions are Python expressions, they must return a value, which will be
evaluated as boolean. You can use the usual Python syntax and libraries.

TEST: {{attaquant-ils}}                                     ->> attaquent-ils
TEST: {{prendrons-elles}} un verre avec moi ?


__inte_verbes_composés_interrogatifs_impératifs__
    ~\w-[nN]ous$
        <<- /inte/ morphVC(\1, ":V", ":(?:1p|E:2[sp])") ->> =suggVerb(\1, ":1p", None, True)          # Forme interrogative ou impérative incorrecte.
        <<- /inte/ __else__ and morphVC(\1, ":", ":V|>(?:chez|malgré)/") ->> =suggSimil(\1, ":1p", False, True)  # Forme interrogative ou impérative incorrecte.
        <<- />> -nous|VCint

    ~\w-[vV]ous$
        <<- /inte/ morphVC(\1, ":V", ":2p") ->> =suggVerb(\1, ":2p", None, True)                      # Forme interrogative ou impérative. Désaccord avec “vous”. Le verbe n’est pas à la 2ᵉ personne du pluriel.
        <<- /inte/ __else__ and morphVC(\1, ":", ":V|>chez/") ->> =suggSimil(\1, ":2p", False, True)  # Forme interrogative ou impérative. Désaccord avec “vous”. Le verbe n’est pas à la 2ᵉ personne du pluriel.
        <<- />> -vous|VCint

TEST: {{Prendront-nous}}                                    ->> Prendrons-nous
TEST: {{Attendront-nous}} le train                          ->> Attendrons-nous
TEST: {{Attaquait-vous}}                                    ->> Attaquiez-vous
TEST: Elle a de nombreux rendez-vous ce matin.
TEST: êtes-vous là ?
TEST: C’est notre chez-nous.
TEST: Dans votre chez-vous, faites comme bon vous semble.
TEST: Libérée en grande majorité durant l’automne 1945, une partie des « Malgré-nous » passe pourtant plusieurs années supplémentaires en captivité.


__inte_rendez_vous__
    ne [le|la|les] [lui|leur]   rendez-vous
    ne me [le|la|les]           rendez-vous
    ne [lui|leur] en            rendez-vous
    ne [le|la|les|lui|leur]     rendez-vous

    notre père
        <<- morph(<1, ":D.*:[mp]") ~>> ␣
        <<- __also__ =>> define(\1, [":N:m:i"])


__immunités__
    il y a
    il n’ y a
        <<- %-1>>

    à l’ arrache
        <<- %3>>

    à ce point
    en tout point
        <<- %3>>

    [de|d’] ?[ne|n’]¿  [me|m’|te|t’|se|s’|nous|vous]  [le|la|l’|les|en|y]        @:V¬:Y
    [de|d’] ?[ne|n’]¿  [le|la|l’|les]                 [lui|leur|en|y]            @:V¬:Y
    [de|d’] ?[ne|n’]¿  [lui|leur]                     en                         @:V¬:Y
        <<- /infi/ --1>> =suggVerbInfi(\-1)                                             # Après “de”, le verbe devrait être à l’infinitif.

    [de|d’]  @:V1.*:Q¬:N
        <<- /infi/ not \2[0:1].isupper() and not morph(<1, ">(?:en|passer)/")
            and not before("(?i)\\b(?:quelqu(?:e chose|’une?)|(?:l(es?|a)|nous|vous|me|te|se) trait|personne|points? +$|rien(?: +[a-zéèêâîûù]+|) +$)")
        -2>> =suggVerbInfi(\2)                                                          # Le verbe devrait être à l’infinitif.

TEST: d’en {{parlé}} sans cesse
TEST: cela suffit de les {{aimait}}
TEST: de ne leur en {{avancé}} que le nécessaire.
TEST: de l’y {{poussé}}
TEST: arrête d’y {{consacré}} autant de temps.

TEST: l’idée consiste de la lui donner sans contrepartie et voir ce qu’il en fera.
TEST: de leur plus grand fils, ils attendent beaucoup.
TEST: de n’importe quelle manière
TEST: un libéralisme trop « individualiste » s’est transformé en de supposées demandes de droits spécifiques
TEST: soit 40 % de plus comparé au quinquennat précédent
TEST: On passe de sophistiqué à classique.
TEST: Les « événements » d’il y a cinquante ans n’ont sans doute « rien à voir » avec le mouvement des « gilets jaunes »
TEST: Quelques points de gagnés avec cette astuce, ne faisons pas la fine bouche.


__infi_y_verbe!3__
    y ~ée?s?$
        <<- /infi/ morph(\2, ":V", ":[123][sp]") -2>> _                                 # Le verbe ne devrait pas être un participe passé.

TEST: y {{mangée}} était un supplice